考研英语阅读如何从其他题的题干寻找主旨题答案?

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    考研英语阅读要在有限的时间内答完题，且要确保准确率，大家就需要多掌握一些方法技巧。其实解答主旨题时，完全可以通过只看其他四道题(不看文章)就能找出答案，大家想知道方法么，下面给大家，实例讲解：
具体方法是：在其他四道题的题干和所有选项(包括它们的错误选项)中寻找一些意思相同或相近(或表述同一概念范畴)的重复出现的关键词，这些词是主旨词。在主旨题的四个选项中，与主旨词意思或褒贬性最接近的选项就是答案。具体请看下面的真题示例。
　　例1，2012年英语(一)Text 3
　　第35题是主旨题(答案：C)，该题如下：
　　Which of the following would be the best title of the test?
　　[A]. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development
　　[B]. Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery
　　[C]. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science
　　[D]. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science
　　其余四道题是：
　　[第31题] According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its
　　[A]. uncertainty and complexity
　　[B]. misconception and deceptiveness
　　[C]. logicality and objectivity
　　[D]. systematicness and regularity
　　[第32题] It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires
　　[A]. strict inspection [B]. shared efforts
　　[C]. individual wisdom [D]. persistent innovation
　　[第33题] Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it
　　[A]. has attracted the attention of the general public
　　[B]. has been examined by the scientific community
　　[C]. has received recognition from editors and reviewers
　　[D]. has been frequently quoted by peer scientists
　　[第34题] Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that
　　[A]. scientific claims will survive challenges
　　[B]. discoveries today inspire future research
　　[C]. efforts to make discoveries are justified
　　[D]. scientific work calls for a critical mind
　　[解析]：在其余四道题的题干和选项中，重复出现的关键词主要有scientific、discovery和credibility/credible，如红色字体所示，它们是主旨词。在主旨题第35题的四个选项中，含有主旨词的选项是BCD。其中，因为scientific和discovery是同类词，所以含主旨词信息量最多的选项是CD，答案应在CD中选择。CD都含相同的主旨词scientific和credibility，不能确定哪一个是答案。此时，再看含主旨词的题干，根据题干表述的意思确定答案。仔细研读发现，第31题和第32题的题干中都含有关键词process，它与主旨题选项C中Evolution的意思接近，所以C是主旨题的正确答案。(特别注意，题干中出现的关键词是最重要的。只需根据题干关键词也可直接找出答案)
　　例2，2010年英语(一)Text 1
　　第25题是主旨题(答案：B)，该题如下：
　　What would be the best title for the text?
　　[A]. Newspapers of the Good Old Days (过去美好时代的报纸)
　　[B]. The Lost Horizon in Newspapers (报纸中消失的视野)
　　[C]. Mournful Decline of Journalism (新闻业可悲的衰退)
　　[D]. Prominent Critics in Memory (记忆中著名的评论家)
　　其余四道题是：
　　[第21题] It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that
　　[A]. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers
　　[B]. English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews
　　[C]. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers
　　[D]. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies
　　[第22题] Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by
　　[A]. free themes [B]. casual style
　　[C]. elaborate layout [D]. radical viewpoints
　　[第23题] Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?
　　[A]. It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals
　　[B]. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists
　　[C]. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism
　　[D]. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing
　　[第24题] What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?
　　[A]. His music criticism may not appeal to readers today
　　[B]. His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute
　　[C]. His style caters largely to modern specialists
　　[D]. His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition
　　[解析]：在其余四道题的题干和选项中，重复出现的关键词主要有criticism/reviews (评论，出现5次)、newspapers (出现4次)、writers (作者，出现4次)、journalistic/journalism (新闻业，新闻业的，出现3次)，如红色字体所示。特别注意，关键词writers和journalistic/journalism虽然出现多次，但是它们是集中出现在一道题中，而非涵盖多道题，出现次数只是等同于一次，所以它们不是主旨词。主旨词是criticism/reviews和newspapers。在主旨题第25题的四个选项中，含有主旨词的选项是AB，答案应在AB中选择。注意，选项D中的Critics (评论家)不是主旨词。接下来，再仔细分析AB，发现A强调的是newspapers，B强调的是the Lost Horizon。而主旨词criticism/reviews出现次数最多，还未用上，所以不能选A，A中找不出能够表述criticism/reviews的内容。事实上，B中的the Lost Horizon正是criticism/reviews的同义替换，所以B是正确答案。
　　例3，2010年(英语二)Text 1
　　第25题是主旨题(答案：C)，该题如下：
　　The most appropriate title for this text could be
　　[A]. Fluctuation of Art Prices
　　[B]. Up-to-date Art Auctions
　　[C]. Art Market in Decline
　　[D]. Shifted Interest in Arts
　　其余四道题是：
　　[第21题] In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because
　　[A]. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories
　　[B]. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
　　[C]. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
　　[D]. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis
　　[第22题] By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1-2, Para.3)，the author suggests that
　　[A]. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions
　　[B]. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries
　　[C]. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
　　[D]. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying
　　[第23题] Which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　[A]. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008
　　[B]. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum
　　[C]. The art market generally went downward in various ways
　　[D]. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come
　　[第24题] The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are
　　[A]. auction houses ' favorites
　　[B]. contemporary trends
　　[C]. factors promoting artwork circulation
　　[D]. styles representing impressionists
　　[解析]：在其余四道题的题干和选项中，重复出现的关键词最多的是art market，出现4次;其次是auction、fashion和fell/downward (意思相近)，分别都出现2次，如红色字体所示。这些词(特别是art market)是主旨词。在主旨题第25题的四个选项中，含主旨词art market的选项只有C。而且，C中还含有与主旨词fell/downward意思相近的decline。所以，C是主旨题的正确答案。
　　例4，2010年英语(二)Text 4
　　第40题是主旨题(答案：D)，该题如下：
　　In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on
　　[A]. its nature and problems
　　[B]. its characteristics and tradition
　　[C]. its problems and their solutions
　　[D]. its tradition and development
　　其余四道题是：
　　[第36题] From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that
　　[A]. both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries
　　[B]. defendants are immune from trial by their peers
　　[C]. no age limit should be imposed for jury service
　　[D]. judgment should consider the opinion of the public
　　[第37题] The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed
　　[A]. the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
　　[B]. the prevalent discrimination against certain races
　　[C]. the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
　　[D]. the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
　　[第38题] Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because
　　[A]. they were automatically banned by state laws
　　[B]. they fell far short of the required qualifications
　　[C]. they were supposed to perform domestic duties
　　[D]. they tended to evade public engagement
　　[第39题] After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed
　[A]. sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished
　　[B]. educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors
　　[C]. jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community
　　[D]. states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system
[解析]：在其余四道题的题干和选项中，重复出现的关键词主要有jury (出现8次)，其次是selection (出现4次)、discrimination/antidiscrimination (出现3次)、state (出现3次)，如红色字体所示。仔细比较发现，主旨题第40题的四个选项中并不含有上述重复出现的任一关键词。此时，换个角度分析。注意到，有三道题的题干中出现了时间 ( 第37的“prior to 1968”、38题的“in the 1960s”) 或表述时间范畴 (第39题的“after…”)，据此可直接判断为，主旨应该与时间有关。而在主旨题的四个选项中，只有选项D (传统与发展)最能表述时间范畴，所以D是正确答案。(特别注意：题干中出现的主旨词是最重要的。优先考虑题干中出现的主旨词。若题干中没有，再考虑选项中出现的主旨词)。
上面讲解的寻找主旨题的解题方法对我们做题帮助很大,考生们要耐心的读完全文,详细地了解这种方法,并且为我们所用。何凯文编写的2017《考研英语绝对考场最后六套题》这本书对我们的考试备考，帮助很大，考生们要好好利用哦，加油。